COMPLICATIONS: PRETERM LABOR

Preterm labor refers to the onset of labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy. When labor begins early, before the baby has had enough time to fully develop and mature, it can increase the risk of complications for both the baby and the mother. Here's an overview of preterm labor, its signs and symptoms, and factors that may increase the risk:

Signs and Symptoms of Preterm Labor:

1. Contractions: Regular contractions that occur every 10 minutes or more frequently.

2. Change in Vaginal Discharge: Increased vaginal discharge or leaking fluid from the vagina, which may indicate ruptured membranes (water breaking).

3. Pelvic Pressure: Pressure or cramping in the pelvic area, lower abdomen, or lower back.

4. Abdominal Cramps: Persistent abdominal cramps, similar to menstrual cramps.

5. Backache: Persistent low back pain or discomfort.

6. Changes in Cervical Effacement or Dilation: The cervix may begin to thin out (efface) or dilate (open) in preparation for labor.

Risk Factors for Preterm Labor:

1. Previous Preterm Birth: Women who have previously delivered a baby prematurely are at higher risk of preterm labor in subsequent pregnancies.

2. Multiple Gestation: Pregnancies with twins, triplets, or other multiples are at higher risk of preterm labor and birth.

3. Uterine or Cervical Abnormalities: Conditions such as uterine fibroids or cervical incompetence (inability of the cervix to stay closed during pregnancy) may increase the risk of preterm labor.

4. Certain Medical Conditions: Chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease may increase the risk of preterm labor.

5. Infections: Infections of the genital tract, urinary tract, or other systemic infections may increase the risk of preterm labor.

6. Cervical Insufficiency: Weakness or shortening of the cervix may increase the risk of preterm birth.

7. Certain Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as smoking, drug use, and inadequate prenatal care may increase the risk of preterm labor.

It's important for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of preterm labor and to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any concerning symptoms. Early detection and intervention can help improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Sources:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2018). Preterm (Premature) Labor and Birth. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preterm-premature-labor-and-birth

• Mayo Clinic. (2020). Preterm Labor. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preterm-labor/symptoms-causes/syc-20376842

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